Key Indicators of Employment & Unemployment in India, 2011-12
Press Information Bureau
Government of India
Ministry of Statistics & Programme Implementation
20-June-2013 11:42 IST
Key Indicators of Employment and Unemployment in India, 2011-12 The
National Sample Survey Office (NSSO), Ministry of Statistics and
Programme Implementation has released the key indicators of Employment
and Unemployment in India, from the data collected in its 68th round
survey conducted during the period July 2011 - June 2012. The NSS
surveys on employment and unemployment are conducted quinquennially
starting from 27th round (October 1972 - September 1973) and the last
quinquennial survey was conducted in NSS 66th round (July 2009- June
2010) for which, the results have already been released. The NSS 68th
round was the ninth quinquennial round on the subject. The detailed
results of surveys on employment and unemployment are usually brought
out by the NSSO through a number of reports. In order to make available
the salient results of the surveys, well in advance of the release of
its reports, for use in planning, policy formulation, decision support
and as input for further statistical exercises, the NSSO has released
the key indicators.
The indicators are based on the Central Sample
of 1,01,724 households (59,700 in rural areas and 42,024 in urban
areas) surveyed from 7,469 villages in rural areas and 5,268 urban
blocks spread over all the States and Union Territories except (i)
interior villages of Nagaland situated beyond five kilometres of the bus
route and (ii) villages in Andaman and Nicobar Islands which remained
inaccessible throughout the year.
In defining the lead indicators
of Labour force participation rate (LFPR i.e. ratio of labour force to
population), Worker Population Ratio (WPR i.e. ratio of workforce to
population), Proportion Unemployed (PU i.e. ratio of unemployed to
population) and Unemployment Rate (UR i.e. ratio of unemployed to labour
force) in NSS surveys, persons are classified into various activity
categories on the basis of the activities pursued by them during
certain specified reference periods. Three reference periods used in
NSS surveys are (i) one year (ii) one week and (iii) each day of the
reference week. Based on these three periods, three different measures
of activity status are arrived at. Activity status determined on the
basis of reference period of one year is known as the Usual Status (US)
of a person, that determined on the basis of a reference period of one
week is known as the Current Weekly Status (CWS) of the person and the
activity status determined on the basis of the activities pursued by a
person on each day during the reference week is known as the Current
Daily Status (CDS) of the person. In US approach, there are two
indicators viz. one based on principal activity called Usual Principal
Status (ps) and other based on both principal and subsidiary activities
taken together termed as Usual Status (ps+ss). The unit of measurements
in case of US and CWS is persons and in case of CDS, it is person-days.
The key indicators on employment and unemployment based on 68th round
along with the comparable indicators of 66th round and estimated
persons/person-days (in million) in labour force, in workforce and
unemployed corresponding to these two rounds are given in Annexure -I
and Annexure –II respectively.
These indicators and also the
other important statistics relating to distribution of workers
according to employment status and industry and also on wage rates of
regular wage/salaried employees and casual labourers from the survey are
summarized as below:
1.
Labour force participation rate (LFPR) in Usual Status (ps+ss)About 40 per cent of population belonged to the labour force - 41 per cent in rural areas and 37 per cent in urban areas.
LFPR for males was nearly 56 per cent and it was 23 per cent for females.
LFPR
was about 55 per cent for rural males and about 56 per cent for urban
males. It was about 25 per cent for rural females and about 16 per cent
for urban females.
2.
Worker Population Ratio (WPR) in usual status (ps+ss)WPR was 39 per cent at the all-India level- 40 per cent in rural areas and 36 per cent in urban areas.
WPR for males was nearly 54 per cent and it was 22 per cent for females.
WPR
was nearly 54 per cent for rural males and 25 per cent for rural
females. It was nearly 55 per cent for urban males and 15 per cent urban
females.
3.
Unemployment rate (UR) in usual status (adjusted)UR
in the usual status (ps+ss) termed as UR in usual status (adjusted) was
nearly 2 per cent at the all-India level. It was about 2 per cent in
rural areas and about 3 per cent in urban.
In the rural areas,
UR for both males and females were almost at the same level (nearly 2
per cent) while in urban areas, UR for females was about 5 per cent as
compared to 3 per cent for males.
4.
Growth in employment between 66th round and 68th round :According
to the usual status (ps+ss), the workforce at the all-India level, was
about 459.0 millions (rural male: 231.9, rural female:104.5, urban
male: 99.8 and urban female: 22.8) as on 1st January 2010 (NSS 66th
round) which increased to 472.9 millions (rural male: 234.6, rural
female:101.8, urban male:109.2 and urban female: 27.3) as on 1st January
2012 (NSS 68th round), indicating a growth of about 13.9 millions of
the workforce at the all-India level between 66th round and 68th round.
5.
Distribution of usual status (ps+ss) workers by employment statusIn
the total workforce of usual status (ps+ss) at the all-India level, the
shares of self-employed, regular wage/salaried employees and casual
labour were 52 per cent, 18 per cent and 30 per cent, respectively.
In
the rural areas, the shares of self-employed, regular wage/salaried
employees and casual labour were 56 per cent, 9 per cent and 35 per
cent, respectively.
In the urban areas, the shares of
self-employed and regular wage/salaried employees were 42 per cent and
43 per cent, respectively and the rest (15 per cent) were casual
labours.
The shares of self-employment in total workforce were 55
per cent for rural males, 59 per cent for rural females, 42 per cent
for urban males, 43 per cent for urban females. The corresponding shares
of casual labour were 36 per cent, 35 per cent, 15 per cent and 14 per
cent for rural males, rural females, urban males and urban females,
respectively.
6.
Industry-wise distribution of usual status (ps+ss) workersAmong
the workers in the usual status (ps+ss), about 49 per cent, 24 per cent
and 27 per cent were engaged in agricultural sector, secondary sector
and tertiary sector, respectively.
In rural areas, nearly 59 per
cent of the usual status (ps+ss) male workers and nearly 75 per cent of
the female workers were engaged in the agricultural sector. Among the
male workers, 22 per cent and 19 per cent were engaged in secondary and
tertiary sectors, respectively. The corresponding proportions for
female workers were 17 per cent and 8 per cent, respectively.
In
urban areas, nearly 59 per cent of male workers and 55 per cent of the
female workers were engaged in the tertiary sector. The secondary sector
employed nearly 35 per cent of the male and 34 per cent of the female
workers. The share of urban workforce in agricultural sector was nearly 6
per cent for male workers and 11 per cent for female workers.
7.
Wage Rates of Regular Wage/Salaried Employees and Casual Labourers (age 15-59 years)At
the all-India level, average wages received by regular wage/salaried
employees was Rs. 396 per day. This was Rs. 299 in the rural areas and
Rs. 450 in the urban areas.
In the rural areas, wages received
per day by a regular wage/salaried employee was was Rs. 322 for males
and Rs. 202 for females, indicating the female-male wage ratio as 0.63.
In the urban areas, this was Rs. 470 for males and Rs. 366 for females,
indicating the female-male wage ratio as 0.78.
Daily wages
received by casual labours engaged in works other than public works was
Rs. 139 in rural areas and Rs. 170 in urban areas. In the rural areas,
wage received (per day) was Rs. 149 for males and Rs. 103 for females.
In the urban areas, the corresponding rates were Rs. 182 and Rs. 111 for
males and females, respectively.
Daily wages received by casual
labours of rural areas engaged in public works other than MGNREG public
works was Rs. 121. This was Rs. 127 for males and Rs. 111 for females.
Daily wages received by casual labours of rural areas engaged in MGNREG
public works was Rs. 107. This was Rs. 112 for males and Rs. 102 for
females.
Sourcee: PIN News
[http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx]
